Psychotherapy

Psychotherapy

I. Introduction: common definition PS, dividing, purposes.
II. Information on basic psychotherapeutic directions (A) and methods (B).
III. Special part: psychotherapy near of the chief mental disorders.




I. Introduction: common definition, dividing, purposes:

Psychotherapy (PS) is medical impingement upon illness, disorder or anomaly psychological resources. Erosion activities is able to concern mental suits and personalities or physical suits and organ function. Can be business contingent how psychogonical, so and somatogenne. To psychological agents then belongs to above all word, but also mimicry or silence, emotivity and emotive terms, teaching, handling environment et al..

In proportion as at length conceive range psychological agents, we can distinguish PS in wider and narrower sense. PS in wider sense will cover up extensive possibilities incidence external environment. TS in narrower sense entails diaclasia and purposeful incidence psychotherapeutic on inmate in therapeutic relation or in a group.

According to of what is- if incidence therapist bent per head or more inmates at the same time, talk of PS particular or collective (teamwise collective and associated PS). At PS directive functions therapist on inmate direct regimentation his thinking, postures and behaviour, in no directive PS is rather calorifier with neutral posture (extreme hmm therapy). PS endeictic survey on diseased symptom, PS causal try find out and remove cause. PS adjuvantni is superficial, without deeper analyses, PS systematic is building goal - directed therapeutic plan and thoroughly, often in the long term him accomplishs. Psychoanalysts divide PS on uncovering, i. e. deep mine analysisthat the yields on surface subdued material from subconsciousness and on PS whitewashing, to niz belongs to all other sorts PS. According to supposed effective factors it is possible at last PS divide in rational, suggestive, abreaktivni, bullpen, depth psychological and interpersonal.




Purposes PS

and) aim PS be out diseased symptoms. Inmate is coming with certain troubles, imposition therapist is, to him these difficulty bereft, no matter what already progress endeictic or perfect therapy causal, removing cause.

b) aim PS is reedukace, re - - socialization, reorganization, restrukturace or integration inmate personalities. Personality reforms in direction correct adaptation or in direction ageing and realization his mission. Analyze with e.g . intrapsychicke conflicts, trace morbid fixation libido or morbid stereotypes in interpersonal relations, make an effort about correction postures.



II. Information on basic psychotherapeutic directions and methods.


A) psychotherapeutic directions:

1) Freudova deep psychology.

Best known school deep mine psychology is deep psychology, psychological theory and therapeutic method created native from knife and fork on Moravia, Sigmundem Freudem (1856 1938), which most his life pass in Vienna. Depth psychological mock - up personalities supposes existence tri substructures, so - called Id, ego and Superego. Id (it) labels biological instinct and needs individual, ego (I) his conscious rational function and Superego (above - I) develop social, aesthetic, religious and moral specification.
Major role in motivation behaviour ascribes Freud instinctive powers marked Greek names Eros (libido, instinct loves, sexual instinct) and Thanatos (death instinct, destructive instinct). Development libido in ontogenezi goes through five phases, named after dominant erotogenic region (oral, anal, phallic, dormancy, genital). Unsatisfactory pass some of the early phase is able to cause character abnormalities in adulthood. Origin neurotic disorders (so - called Psycho - neurosis) Freud sees in inner conflicts among libidoznimi tendencies orient from unconscious, i. e. from the areas mental life individualthat the brush off except field his attention and out of reach his knowledgeable knowledge and controlling function sense of. Behind usual conditions averting mental censorship penetration uneasy, improper and degrading wish to the sense of. Libidinous energy is transformed in comme in faul activities (so - called sublimation). If there are controlling function sense of weak and instinctive tendency apart strong, approve oneself devious behaviour. If there are controlling function sense of also strong, displaces unacceptable calling to the unconscious or them at all will forbid go into a place sense of. Rises inner conflict guided anxiety and manifested like neurotic symptoms. Neurotic appearances are reminder crushing experiences, guided intrapsychickymi conflicts and injection instinctive energy and odehravajicich especially in early periods inmate personal anamneses. Causal therapy disturbances rests in detection unsuspected pathogenic experience in pacientove pasts, in his again - pass and translation below verification sense of. Initially Freud have been using to call age regression and equipment pathogenic experience hypnotism. Later fecit original method free association. At those therapy will take ill relaxed position and leave about its sense of freely flow notionsthat the conveies therapist, neither would excreted indecent and nonsensical cogitations. Psychoanalyst listens and registers so - called resistance, i. e. pause, sudden change of direction association etc . Resistance signals approximation source intrapsychickeho conflict. Beside analyses resistance works therapist with analysis so - called mistaken achievements, i. e. errors, nonfeasance, slip of the tongue and moonshine, in nichz are subdued ignorant wish realized in symbolic form. During treatment rises so - called transmission, high - powered positive or negative emotional attitude inmate to therapist, that is of analogy and repetition relation to other significant person in pacientove personal life. Imposition analytics is clear up ill essence transmission, enable through his mediation correction relation to original person and temporary carrier relation cancel. Deep psychology is very time - consuming and lasts usually several years.

2) Adlerova particular psychology.

Freuduv pupil and critic, Austrian doctor Alfred Adler (1870 1937) is creator so - called particular psychology. Major influence over life man ascribes contents his unconscious – so - called need themselves - exercise and drive for power.
Stresses meaning of what how are these needs in childhood fill in terms of concrete so - called family constellation, i. e. position child in a row siblings. Deprivace needs at an early age leads to inferiority. Has- if person sufficient number courage, stimulates she inferiority to compensation or hyperkompenzaci poverty of. Absent courage leads to neurosisthat the individual protect from get personal nedostacivosti. Is then flight to the diseases vindicative his malfunctioning. Therapy neuroses rests in analysis family constellation and career, style of life, postures and plans ill. Therapist asks, that would switched, if he were inmate well. Faces ill hereto, to surrender to advantagesthat the him illness bears, to switched style of life and bearings and received life plan corresponding his abilities and conditions. Supplies ill courage solve life problems.

3) Jungova analytical psychology.

Next Freuduv pupil and critic, Swiss psychiatrist C.G. Jung (1875 1961) enrich analytical theory about conception collective unconscious. Its contents forms so - called archetypy, oldest and typical experience mankind, motives iterative in tolls and religious images nations of all land and time (e.g . image vindicatory father). Rootage mental dysopsia Jung in conflict among straddle and to the unconscious displace crushing experiences and sense of. These ignorant and wounding contents strong affectionate bullet give a name complexs. To their detection uses so - called association experiment and registration Psycho - galvanic reaction to stimuli words. Straddle inner conflicts led to regression on level archetypickeho behaviour, representative sort of mental atavizmus. In pathogenesis neuroses and schizophrenia isn't substantial difference. Jung like one of the first pay attention to psychotherapy schizophrenia. His psychotherapeutic method generally rests in analysis association, moonshine and fancy and in reading their sense in the context situation in life ill, receiving reading inmate and solving ezposed problems.

4) dynamic psychotherapy (neoanalyza, cultural
deep psychology).

Derives its rise from deep psychology, but compared to her unilateral biologizujicimu and sexualizujicimu conception moved emphasis on social factors and on current data issues in interpersonal relations. Inquire into these interpersonal terms and current data conflicts inmate, in nichz it is possible often disclose incidence maladaptivniho social behaviour illthat the herewith conflicts together - forms, deteriorates or repeats. Such behaviour not unfrequently bears with his last experiences, be reflected he former (basal) conflicts, frustration and traumatic experiences. Dynamic psychotherapy wants assist in inmate, to understand his concern in regurgitating problems and connections among contemporary inadaptable behaviour, posture or get and significant last experiences. Heads for achievement opinion, to pass emotive corrective experience, revision new behaviour on the basis repaied postures and achievement successful social adaptation. To pioneers hereof access belongs to especially to. Horneyova,
H. Sullivan, E. Fromm and F. Alexander, to advancement redounded his interpersonal diagnostics and T. Leary and creative evolution associated engineer and J. Moreno, J. Masserman and
L. Wolberg.


5) pathogenous psychotherapy.

Her founder is v.N. Mjasiscev and developed length him sankpeterburska school. Start from conception personalities like system relations. Relation is actively elect bunch individual with his external environment. Includes connection subject with objective world from basic reflective and instinctive response after as much as higher ideological determinancy behaviour, to which belongs to views, conviction and attitude towards values. To relations belongs to also emotion intent on outer objects. Personality is dynamic system, that is of totality subjectively significant and choice relations man, on whose molding man actively partake. Neurosis rises after Mjasisceva at that time, when man will pass Psycho - traumatic experiences and thereat isn't on the basis his personage feature capable resolve conflictthat the of them follow. Causes neurotic disorders aren't in external event, but at that, how individual gets, which is together - contingent his personality. Get coming - out from relation to surroundings and diseased get follow on disorders these relations.

6) Rogersovska psychotherapy.

Access created and evolve C. Rogersem (therapy intent on client – client- centered therapy or therapy talk – Gesprachspsychotherapie) start from client and goads his independent development, instead of to at him survey interpretativni or streamlining incidence. Is therapy intimate open talk, at nemz therapist vcituje to the client, in extenso him respects, fuels the his open themselves - manifestation and at the same time and alone is able to authentically disply manifest his personal feelings. By one of significant motivational factors near man is according to Rogerse tendency towards themselves - pursuance. S neurotic development bears rise negative themselves - evaluationthat the client also learn second - hand. His image about himself is given to the variance with the idea about it, what should and wanted be. Imposition therapy is make way going options in client. It is necessary create favourable safe atmosphere, in which client is able to pay thorough themselves - exploration, to profess in his needs and wishs.

7) Pavlovovska psychotherapy.

Loll against philosophy teaching I.P. Pavlova about physiology higher nervous activities. Experimental work on dogs showed, that the under certain condition rise near experimental animals bebehavioral disturbance anologous human neurosis. Neuroses according to Pavlova rise:
and) overstrain of the process excitation
b) overstrain of the process inhibition
c) overstrain volubility of both suits, their collision.
Neuroses develop depending on type higher nervous activities, that is of dynamic set basic feature nervous suits inborn and gained during particular development. Propensity to neurosis have type weak (melancholic) and type strong unbalanced (choleric). To molding symptoms and forms neuroses has decisive meaning specific human type higher nervous activities given to mutual relation two signal systems.
Pavlovovska psychotherapy virtually derive benefit from piece of knowledge about production and extinction contingent reflexs, about inhibition, irradiation, inductance, phasic states and about influence second signal system.
O her development mostly deserved psychiatrist to.I. Platonov. In his conception is speech powerful complex contingent instigation second signal system and at the same time powerful social factor. Ventilation, conviction and suggestion turns at impingement upon crustal dynamism in needed direction sense of inmate, his emotive region, incretory vegetative activity and next physiological processes instant in organizmu. Psychotherapy have to above all make safe optimum relation basic nervous suits cortices and hough and of both signal systems in operation of all organizmu.

8) communications psychotherapy.

Start from communication theory and used to be give a name also interactive or strategic psychotherapy and loll against Californian school from fire Alto represented names C. Bateson, J. Vestibule,
J. Weakland, D. Jackson, P. Watzlawick ad. Tito psychologists grow up in 50. Years upon investigation communication to conceive so - called double bindings (oakling bind), which define communications situation, in niz client accepts from to him significant men one another incompability information. Variance rests in diskrepanaci among parol message and nonverbalni base - communication or contradictory character himself message (e.g . paradoxical statement it what will I tell you flat isn't truth). Authors consider double structure behind etiologic factor schizophrenics. Remarkable representative communications psychotherapy is Arizona hypnoterapeut M.H. Erickson. Therapeutic, resp. hypnotic trance get like historically and ontogenetic older kind brainwork, at nemz is minimized harassing activities sense of, i. e. logical schematics, cliché and stereotypes and facilitovana activity unconscious.

9) anthropological psychotherapy.

Is building question essence man, face out with problems of the human existence and his sense, with question of the human spirit, conscience, responsibility. Wooing understanding human existence. This common rating be true of otherwise different directions namely daseinsanalyzu, logo - therapy, humane psychotherapy and formative therapy.

A) Daseinsanalyza start from substantive philosophy
M. Heideggera and phenomenological method E. Husserla (against scientific rational knowledge is building so - called spiritual vision, i. e. intuition). To mastermind hereof direction belongs to Svycari
L. Binswanger and M. Big boss. Stress individuality and no reproducibility every personalities, her fate, her existence. Axoidance ranging disordered to the diagnostic caregory. Behind aim his therapy no consider conformity cultural standard companies, but impletion his existence abroad, i. e. self - knowledge, themselves - up - dating and themselves - improvement in terms of his individuality. Daseinsanalyza refuses psychotherapeutic techniques, main emphasis laies on therapeutic relation, so - called encounter between therapist and client, on ability empathy and transcendental knowledge.

B) next representative substantive psychology Viennese
neuropsychiatr v.E. Frankl (1905) grow up on the basis personal experience incarceration in concentration camp to considerations about sense life (hunger for sense) like basic psychological need. Poverty of life sense give a name substantive frustration. This can be pathogenic factor leadership to neurosis (noogenni) or to depression. Frankl features 3 caregory values: so - called creative funds constitute productions and achievements individual, i. e. what gives world, how bestead. Zazitkove funds constitute it, what man from world accepts (piece of knowledge, sensuous, aesthetic and emotive experiences etc .). Postural funds go out of what how man is building to suffering and to deaths. Put on of meaning near people in boundary situations (e.g . incurable), minus possibility realize creative and zazitkove funds.
I suffering is able to purport, do man superior. Its therapeutic progress give a name Frankl logo - therapy – faces ill to search sense life, to laying questions (what had in mine life sense, that would yet could purport, what can I yet from life expect) and altruistic orientation.

C) humane psychology – presents third force in
psychologythat the about to be counterbalance how psychology deep mine, so behavioural psychology (behavioralni). Try understand inner experiences individual and learn him, to was alone capable his identified experiences control so state also sturdy in the face of any handling extraneous. Master representative hereof direction was a.H. Maslow, next Ch. Buhlerova, J. Bugental, S. Jourard and also C. Rogers. Consider human being behind creative, at to what do attribute) basic determinative of the human act are funds and intentionality. Stresses price of each of some and underscore importance development his silent ability. Psychotherapy survey on reinforcing people in their spiritual growth and in realization personal mental potential. Next therapeutic method humane psychology personal are so - called insider meeting (encounter groups), when associated activities have evolve interpersonal passibility, ability get intimacy and parol and nonverbal locution personal sensations.

D) formative therapy (Gestalt Therapie) is once from branchs
flow humane psychology intent on high - powered get present. Fecit she Frederick pearl. Assume, that the problems people rise from insufficient awakening sensations so in therapy survey upon this region come to realize client. Laies emphasis on independent responsibility inmate behind personal cogitations, emotion and record. Significant conception formative therapy are unfinished arrangementsthat the relate to pasts and include unstated feelings passion, sorrow, disillusion, fear or blame. Inmate is mine finish by, that the is zpritomni and viva voce or nonverbal upstaging with the help of therapist or insider.

10. Transaction analysis.

Creator and representative method is Californian psychiatrist Eric Berne (1910 1970). Distinguishes 3 construction sequence cases I, referred to as childlike, adult and parent. Child reproduces emotive behaviour and get younger child, adult presents manifestations independent critical reason based on personal experience. Parent is remainder bans, orders, stereotypes and prejudices second - hand in childhood from schoolmasters. Construction sequence cases I have of principle influence over character communication, so - called operation abroad. Source conflicts are so - called decussate operation, when e.g . one person turns to second like adult to adult and partner her matches reproachful tone like parent child. Continuity hidden operation with communications baits and guiles give a name Berne plaies. Play be basically scanty handling, stereotyped communications bad habit (e.g . personthat the is in demand about some kindness, undeniable directly, but presently piquing conflict, to she could have knock off and refuse). Play stunting development open intimate and safe human relations thereby and saturation basic psychological needs, whereby affect aplomb. Base therapy is analysis plaies. Berne faces ill to acquirements identify play guiles and to waive defective life scenarios. Practises with him adult response and authentic operation.

11. Transpersonalni psychology.

Leading figure those schools is Stanislav Grof, psychiatrist Czech origin living in America. Study extraordinary state of consciousness in intoxication hallucinogens, especially LSD, him led to resolution tri level experience. On Psycho - dynamic level intoxicate individual computerize and again - get experiences from personal childhood, inclusive recourse behaviour, changes sensation fleshy diagram etc . On perinatalni level intoxicate computerize and gets moments from intrauterine life and personal childbirth. After ban therapeutic application LSD fecit Grof with wife progress to call extraordinary state of consciousness by the help of hyperxentilation, music and bodily activities, give a name them holotropni therapy. Transpersonalni experience leads to significant and reputedly lasting therapeutically desirable changes hierarchy values, postures and get inmate. Has near effects today stylish from - new or transcendentalni meditation.

12. Behaviour therapy.

Tag therapy is derived from English words behaviour labelling behaviour. Direction draws above all from psychological learning theory. Is practical application piece of knowledge experimental alienism and studies influence teaching on bebehavioral disturbance. His priority is deprecation gamble and emphasis on detachedly observable and experimentally registrable iterrelations between stimuli and responses. Behaviour therapy (BT) coming - out historically from piece of knowledge classical Watsonova behaviourism and has also relation to washing Russian physiologist Pavlova and Bechtereva. Present - day behaviour therapy draws from four theoretic sources. These are:
and) theory classical condition
b) Skinnerova theory positive and negative strengthening and Mowreruv two - factor mock - up expositive rise response fear and axoidance
c) Bandurova theory social teaching (selfefficacy and so - called wild - card teaching)
d) Premackuv principle high probability behaviour (at stripping symptoms stress strengthening desirable behaviour rather than repression undesirable)

The keynote behavioralniho access is presumption, that the bebehavioral disturbance different type are in his essence affected responses. In itself then have to drive experimentally ascertained law teaching and be liable to hence principles precvicovani and unlearn. To cure neuroses unswayed change in thinking, but direct change in behaviour. In contradistinction to humane psychotherapy is here rapid - fire emphasis on techniques. Contemporary leading figure BT are English psychologist German origin H.J. Eysenck and American psychiatrist indigenous to South Africa J. Wolpe. Sometimes BT connect with piece of knowledge so - called cognitive therapythat the in part start from so - called rational emotive therapy a. Ellise. Ellis tries, that the central problem man is his surd thinking incumbent in rigid and mistaken sensation and assessment of the situation. This it is possible change, will teach- if individual maximize his rational thinking and minimize thinking surd. Ellis he will have it, that the psychotherapy is able to be effective only at that time, will succeed- if change thinking and life philosophy inmate. Cognitive therapy get past supplement BT. Both avenues of approach in the process state integral part of one's therapeutic direction – so - called cognitive- behaviour therapy (further KBT). KBT disuse introspection nor by other deep mine progress. Collects on appearances, evaluates their intensity and frequence. Stresses rational tag problems ill, analyses his behaviour and termsthat the him forgo or him guide, searches modificative factors etc . Therapist establishes and exactly and intelligible formulates concrete purposes and making, but also contingent losses arising from problem solving. Base is definition number one problem inmate in terms detachedly observable and registrable behaviour. Significant is also request active and systematic participation ill on single therapeutic stepsthat the alone client checks and gains so backward structure about course treatment and motivation to her. Designating region KBT are above all neurotic disturbances, depressive construction sequence cases, eating disorders and dependencies on addictive materials. Extraordinary effects notching KBT at treatment sexual disorders. Principles KBT be abreast of success exploited also at training social skill at upbringing managers, sportsmans and sales executive. Assert oneself also at training assertive behaviour.


B) method psychotherapy.

Method psychotherapy (PS) divide after principles, from which go out and after effective factors, whereupon build, on:

rational, suggestive, empathic, abreaktivni, bullpen, depth psychological and interpersonal.

1) rational psychotherapy (RPS)

Work round to logical thinking inmate, try function on his reason, discernment, criticism. To her forms do arithmetics:

and) bottoms up-plication or klarifikace: interpretation and illumination essence disorder, causes his rise, connection psychosomatic and interpretation basics mental hygiene
b) persuaze: to interpretation incorporates conviction
c) re - - orientation: pursuit of achievement changes pacientovych opinions and postures in the area his life sight and life values
d) psychagogika: more complex lead, teaching and regimentation inmate

Presumption work psychotherapeutic with inmate is thorough knowledge his anamneses, because then therapist is able to in interpretation refer to on inmate concrete experiences and experience. Direct bottoms up-plication is building before inmate connection either in common form or on his concrete case and leave about him, to things think out. Persuaze is progress espressivo directive. Therapist develops planwise activity at that direction, to inmate his findings accept. Next forms plug more to logical thinking and emotivity; psychagogika derive benefit from and elements teaching common psychotherapy and upbringing. Method rational psychotherapy used in the adjuvantni psychotherapy virtually all psychotherapeutic, get past preparing for some special technologies (autogenic training, hypnotism, abreakce).
Two conceptionthat the nonmilitarization RPS only like method, but base on her whole his using PS, are rational emotive therapy (RET) a. Ellise and cognitive therapy (KT) a. Becka.

Ellis in 50. years fecit RETthat the stress influence conviction and opinions in rise and treatment neurotic response and neurotic behaviour. Definite outer instigation A (activating event) evokes highly emotionally well - lined consequence C (consequence), then is his cause. Really are however emotive incidence to a great extent incurred system opinions and conviction individualthat the Ellis labels like B (belief system). Ellisovo diagram A- B- C inhere specific form behavioralniho diagram
S Oregon, whereof O (organizmus, personality) presents set intercessional uncertain, incorporated among instigation and response and together - major, of what response instigation evokes. Ellis of these uncertain pick out thinking (rational or surd views), who ascribes decisive bearing on adequate or inadequate emotive response. Foremost task therapy according to Ellise is assist in inmate remove his fantastical views.
Cognitive therapy (KT) a. Becka (1976) has essentially the same way out: behind emotive disturbances matches above all fraudulent misrepresentation thinking. Therapist teachs inmate discriminate between thinking rational and surd, among objective reality and subjective evaluation. So e.g . depressive inmate thinks negatively about himself, about his surroundings and about his futures. This fraudulent misrepresentation pessimistic thinking works his mood, motivation, productivity and his relation to second and leads to mental and physical symptoms typical for depression. Beck give a name these negative cogitations automatic thoughts, because inmate selves offer. Therapist teachs inmate cognize automatic recall cogitations, label is, subject is critique and build against them cogitations objectively correctthat the entrap and positive pages life.

2) suggestive and hypnotic psychotherapy (SPS, HPS)

Derive benefit from therapist authorities and overwhelmingly endermic statement intent on ablation difficulty or on achievement desirable postures and behaviour and does not affect reasoning inmate. Her operation depend upon sugestibilite inmate. Is able to do wide awake or inducing hypnotism. Hypnotism is temporarily changed mental condition characterized:

and) increasing suggestible
b) relation dependencies hypnotize on hypnotist
c) changed state of consciousness.

According to depths hypnotism talk of:

• 1.step – somnolence (perhaps 30 %)
• 2.step – hypotaxia (50 %)
• 3.step – somnambulizmus (15 %), whereas behind quite nehypnabilni considers 5 % people

Hypnotism employs to severe suggestive interference difficulty, which essentially action progress one - shot – sudden, dramatic and slow progress set hypnotic session.
Main usage hypnotism in psychotherapy it depends on so - called post - hypnotic suggestion, which is suggestion engaged in hypnotism and her effect intervene in period having finished hypnotism. In hypnotism it is possible order and suggestion so - called post - hypnotic amnezie on definite matters former or on matters in hypnotism. Medical suggestion create after symptomsthat the try influence. Try- if remove unfit habits, we can with them join resistance (e.g . call out nauzeu or cough in relation to gin and with smoking cigarettes) or indifference or try hypnotic suggestion nurse motivation to overcoming habit (e.g . sobriety advantage). At obesity we can suggest decrease taste to food, slow way are you going and easy saturation groceries dietary bill of fare. At stammer, jerk, grafospazmu and functional paralytic dementia we can set not only post - hypnotic suggestion, but do and in himself hypnotism training appropriate function, facilitated hypnotic suggestions. At phobia leave about inmate hallucinate appropriate situation with odsugerovanim fear and tension. At sleeplessness we can try join by the help of suggestion perfect vacation and fall asleep with minute before - temporal ritual. At enuresis suggest timely awakening with departure on toilet. At neurotic depressions suggest sthenic life bearings and at multiple centromere and neurotic difficulties gradual general amelioration health.

3) empathic and abreaktivni psychotherapy (EPS, APS)

Empathic PS makes it possible to inmate, to openly amplify about himself, ventilate his problems and look into contradictory and positive pages his personalities so nesting alone more profess, more accept and could becomingly separately tell.
Abreaktivni PS specially survey on high - powered formulation and exteriorization negative emotion, especially of those, whose exteriorization was in former times locked and which consequently stayed subdueds or no run-down.

Principle abreaction in ordinary form ventilation exerts in a row common talks inmate with therapist. In restricted data atmosphere in the presence of therapist harking with understanding row inmates suit of theirs last and contemporary heaviness and will feel then relief, neither them therapist anything interpret, recommended or prescribed.
In a row cases however only that manner to effective abreaction substantial shock come short of and is necessary use special abreaktivnich engineerthat the purposely somnifacient state, whereof is inmate to abreakci especially manage (e.g . stimulate emotivity and productivity and decrease preventions and limitation self - control); hypnotic abreakce, psychopharmacological abreakce – narkoanalyza, interview behind using psychostimulancii.

4) bullpen psychotherapy (TPS)

Includes method making use planned systematic exercising with gradual by increasing the necessities. Them inmate diseased symptoms unlearning or on the contrary practises behaviour desirable and correct. Cardinal importance TPS it is possible see in those symptomsthat the inhere bad habit, affected maladaptivnim behaviour. Among most widely used and most considerable routes belongs to: positive training, training themselves - enforcement, obverse therapy, negative training and method surfeit, relaxation training, systematic desensitization and same to you.

and) positive training is simplest, but considerably effective progress. Employs familiarly near phobia and mania, when e.g . inmate step by step exhibits situationthat the be afraid, namely under circumstances first kindliness and step by step always more difficult than English so, as far as on them will adapt to and learn in them inch free from fear. Substantial exercise plaies training and at speech generator neurosis (balbuties) and at different the - duvet - covers (near stammer e.g . exercises speech in a whisper, at reading stall initially critical sound or read only vowels let-in note, practises correct breathing and talking, step by step walk up and down to tale content read to spontaneous talk and so on). Positive training got his important seat on therapy couples with functional sexual disorders (progress Masterse and Johnsonove). Breadth distributive training intent on reduction some poverty of in personalities is training self - control. At jakemkoliv positive training it is important positive strengthening desirable response.

b) training themselves - enforcement wooing achievement acquirements mean directly, honestly and seemly personal views, needs and feelings without rights abuse second people. Makes it possible to tie together social connection and at the same time in him becomingly assert one's rights and refuse unjustified claims. In terms of training themselves - assertion inmate teachs:
1) openly mean own feelings
2) tie together talk
3) speak more in public
4) ask for kindness
5) promote justified claim
6) thoroughly refuse it, what not wish

Way out training is interpretation discrepancy between excessive ustupnosti, adequate themselves - enforcement and needless rampancy.

c) obverse therapy rest in in jointing undesirable activities
with unpleasant instigation, e.g . with elaboration vomitive reflex with electric slight injury or with seat power control